Ventilator



S. F MCDONALD.

VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-5.1916.

Patented Apr. 13, 1920.

YSTATES reruns: ()FFICE.

STEPHEN F. MCDONALD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

VENTILATOR.

Application filed September 5, 1916.

intended or adapted for use with cars or like movable objects. It is the general purpose oi this invention to provide a ventilator which will be extremely eilicient in inducing a circulation of air through such objects in order to secure proper ventilation and one which is peculiarly well adapted. l equipped for all ordinary incidents of use in its particular environment. Further objects or" the invention will appear in the detailed description hereinafter and will be realized in and through the combinations 0'! elements embodied in the claims hereto annexed and illustrated in the drawings forming part hereof, wherein Figure 1 represents aside elevation of a railw y car having my invention applied thereto; Fig. a longitudinal sectional view through a ventilator constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 3 a view, in transverse section and partly in elevation, of the said ventilator and the parts with which it is associated: Fig. la perspective view of such ventilator; and Fig. 5 an end elevation of the ventilator as applied to the top of 1: car, the ventilator being eonnected to an elbow whereby the body is turned at 90 degrees with respect to the position occupied in Figs. 1, 3 and 4.

Describing by reference characters the various parts illustrated herein, 1 denotes railway car having the usual roof, said roof comprising the lower section 2, the upper section 8, and the side walls 4. The side walls a, as is well known, are usually provided with transoms for purposes of ventilaoion. I have shown several of my ventilators as employed in place of these tran- In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the ventilators connected by horizontal air shafts 5 with the space between the roof sections 2 and 3, said shafts being mounted in the side Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 13, 1920.

Serial No. 118,386.

walls el. For convenience of description, the ventilator shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 will .nned to have been turned on its side the wall opposite the air shaft 5 will be considered as the top, in vhich position one of the sides becomes the top, the other 'lo the bottom, and the roof opposite the a ir shaft 5 becomes the outer side. The head divided by a partition 6 into two sections each of which acts as a front and a rear secion, cording to the direction in which the car is moving, the two sections being symmetrical, it being understood (as well as ap )arent from the drawings), that the venti or intended to be used either in the position shown in Figs. 1 to at inclusive r in the upright position indicated in Fig. the flow of air which exercises its aspiratng effect upon the air shaft being produced y the movement of the car and the consepient movement of the ventilator or ventila- 0-5: attached thereto. The ventilator body :omprises a top or cover wall 7 and a cornsponriiingly shaped inner or bottom wall 9.

the i l 8 having the necessary opening for the a shaft 5. These walls are given the peculiar formation shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and l. Each wall has on each side thereof central concave edge 9. From each end of this concave portion each er is tapered or inclined, as shown at 10, a short distance, such inclined edge porti n merging with the more sharply inclined edge portion 11, the edge portions 11 meeting at a point, indicated at 12. The inclined edges ll are connected by correspondg inclined end walls 13 forming front and rear wedges, and the concaved edges 9 are connected by correspondingly concaved side walls 14.

15 and 16 denote walls connecting the walls 7 and S and extending inwardly from the ends 14; of the concave walls 14, said walls 15 extending as close as conveniently possible to the opening provided in the bottom plate 8 for the air shaft 5. Each. wall 15 is provided with a short flange or projection 15 forming a bafile extending toward the central portion of the ventilator body and each wall 16 is provided with a similar but longer flange or projection 16 forming a similar but longer bafile.

It will be observed that tapered outwardly convergent ducts 17 are provided between each wall 15, 16, and the adjacent inclined side wall 13. The space between the adjacent ends of the walls 15 and 16 is covered by a screen 18 which may be of wire gauze and which is preferably convex, there being a convex wall 19 located between said screen and the adjacent end of the ventilator head and forming a distributing passageway 17 communicating with the ducts 17.

As the ventilator head thus far described may be used either in the upright position shown in Fig. 5, or on its side, as indicated in the other figures, it is adapted for use for either position. When used in the upright position, the air shaft 5 will be connected to the bottom wall of the ventilator by means of an elbow 22. The ventilator is preferably provided with a sloping roof, indicated generally at 20 and preferably comprising six generally triangular surfaces 2020 inclusive each surface extending from a common apex 21 to an edge of the top wall 7.

The action of theventilator is the same and is distinctive, whether it be placed on its side or in the vertical position indicated in Fig. 5. This action is illustrated in Fig. 2, where the ventilator is shown as on its side, the direction of movement of the air current being indicated by the arrow 23 and the action of the air current upon the ventilator head and the air shaft being indicated by the other arrows on said figure. The air current is split by the wedge formed by the end of the ventilator head presented theretoward and flows along the sides of such wedge. Passing acros the months 17 of the ducts 17, it exercises an aspirating effect upon said ducts causing a movement of air through the air shaft and the ventilator body on that side of the partition 6. This aspirating effect is enhanced by reason of the fact that the outer ends of the walls 15 and 16 project beyond the outer ends of the in clined walls 13. The air follows the direction of the arrows across the concave walls 14, and by such walls, is given a reverse eddy at the mouths of the ducts 17 at the opposite side of the ventilator head, as indicated by the arrows, it being finally discharged beyond the rear end of the ventilator. This reverse movement of the air causes an aspirating effect upon the ducts 17 at the rear side of the partition 6, whereby all of the ducts 17 cooperate in the removal of air from the air shaft and through the ventilator body.

Reference has been made to the baflles 16. These are somewhat longer than the baffles 15 the baffles are necessary only when the ventilator is placed on its side, serving to prevent any rain which may enter the upper ducts 17, 17 from getting into the ventilator body, the lower bafiles, by projecting inwardly further than the upper bafiles, serve to direct through the ducts 17 therebeneath any moisture that may collect or strike thereupon. lVhen the ventilator is used in the vertical position shown in Fig. 5, these baffles will probably be unnecessary. Through the use of the screens 18 and the bafiies 15 and 16*, no cinders, dust, or water will enter the car.

The construction shown and described herein has proven efficient in providing for all ordinary incidents of use and has proven particularly efficient in connection with the ventilation of vehicles. 1

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claimis:

1. A double-ended symmetrical exhaust ventilator comprising an air. shaft, a head comprising a base having a centrally located opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a pair of forwardly converging sidewalls and a pair of rearwardly converging side walls interposed between said base and said top or roof, said pairs of side walls providing between their convergent ends a forwardly and a rearwardly directed outlet, respectively, communicating with the air shaft, other side walls extending between the base and top and connecting the divergent ends of the first mentioned walls, and a pair of forwardly and a pair of rearwardly inclined end *alls, the walls of each pair meeting to form respectively a forwardly and a rearwardly directed wedge, the rear ends of one pair of the end walls and the front ends of the other pair of the last mentioned walls overlapping the corresponding portions of the first mentioned walls and forming with such portions rearwardly and forwardly convergent ducts, respectively, each having a discharge outlet'across which the air flowing on each side of each wedge is delivered, thereby to exercisean aspirating effect upon said ducts, the first mentioned outlets, and the air shaft.

2. A double-ended symmetrical exhaust ventilator comprising anair shaft, a headcomprising a base having a centrally located opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a pair of forwardly converging side wallsand a pair of rearwardly converging side walls interposed between said base and said top or roof, said pairs of side walls providing between their convergent ends a forwardly and a rearwardly directed outlet, respectively, communicating with the air shaft, concave side walls extending between the base and top and connecting the divergent ends of the first mentioned walls, and a pair of forwardly and a pair of rearwardly inclined end walls, the walls of each pair meeting to form respectively a forwardly and a rearwardly directed wedge, the rear ends of one pair of the last mentioned walls and the front ends of the other pair of the last men tioned walls overlapping the corresponding portions of the first mentioned walls and forming with such portions rearwardly and forwardly convergent ducts, respectively, each having a discharge outlet across which the air flowing on each side of each wedge is delivered, thereby to exercise an aspirating effectupon Said ducts, the first mentioned outlets, and the air shaft.

3. A double-ended symmetrical exhaust ventilator comprising an air shaft, a head comprisiin a base having a centrally located opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a pair of forwardly converging side walls and a pair of rearwardly converging side walls interposed between said base and said top or roof, said pairs of side walls providing between their convergent ends a forwardly and a rearwardly directed outlet, respectively, communicating with the air shaft, concave side walls extending between the base and top and connecting the divergent ends of the first mentioned walls, a pair of forwardly and a pair of rearwardly inclined end walls, the walls of each pair meeting to form respectively a forwardly and a rearwardly nirected wedge, the rear ends of one pair of the last mentioned walls and the front ends of the other pair of the last mentioned walls overlapping the corresponding portions of the first mentioned walls and forming with such portions rearwardly and for wardly convergent ducts, respectively, Blui'll having a discharge outlet across which the air flowing on each side of each wedge is delivered, thereby to exercise an aspirating effect upon the said ducts and outlets and upon the air shaft, and a vertical partition extending between the top or root and the base and connecting the central portions of the concave side walls and dividing the head into front and rear sections each communi rating with the air shaft.

l. A. doubleended symmetrical exhaust ventilator comprising an air shaft, a head comprising a base having a centrally located opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a. pair of for wardly converging side walls and a pair of rearwardly converging side walls interposed between said base and said top or roof, said pairs of side walls providing between their convergent ends a forwardly and a rearwardly directed outlet. respectively. communicating with the air shaft, other side walls extending between the base top and connecting the divergent ends of the first mentioned walls, a pair of forwardly and a pair of rearwardly inclined end walls,

the walls; of each pair of end walls meeting to form respectively a tm'wardly and a rear wardly directed wed 'e, the rear ends of one pair of the last mentioned walls and the front ends of the other pair of the last ment oned walls overlapping the corresponding portions of the first mentioned walls and forming with such portions rearwardly and forwardly convergent ducts, respectively, each having a discharge outlet across which the air flowing on each side of each wedge delivered, thereby to exercise an aspirating elfect upon the ducts, the first mentioned outlets, and the air shaft, and a forwardly and a rear ardly convex baliie located respec tively in front and at the rear of the first mentioned outlets and respectively connecting the forwardly and the rearwardly inclined end walls.

5. A double-ended symmetrical exhaust ventilator comprising an air shaft, a head comprising a base having a centrally located opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a pair of forwardly converging side walls and a pair of rearwardly converging side walls interposed between said base and said top or roof, said pairs of side walls providing between their convergent ends a forwardly and a rearwardly directed outlet, respectively. communicating with the air shaft, a battle projecting rearwardly and inwardly from the front end of each of the forwardly converging walls, a baille projecting forwardly and inwardly from the rear end of each of the rearwardly converging walls. other side walls extending between the base and top and connecting the divergent ends of the first mentioned walls. and a pair of forwardly and a. pair of rearwardly inclined end walls, the walls of each pair of end walls meeting to form respectively a forwardly and a rearwardly directed wedge. the rear ends of one pair of the last mentioned walls and the front ends of the other pair of the last mentioned walls overlapping the corresponding portions of the first mentioned walls and forming with such portions rearwardly and forwardly convergent ducts. respectively, each having a discharge outlet across which the air flowing on each side of each wedge is delivered, thereby to exercise an aspirating effect upon the ducts. the first mentioned outlets, and the air shaft.

6. An exhaust ventilator comprising an air shaft, a head comprising a base having an opening communicating with said air shaft, a top or roof above said base, a pair of forwardly converging side walls interposed between said base an d said top or roof and providing between their convergent ends a forwardly directed outlet communicating with the air shaft, anda pair of forwardly inclined end walls meeting in front of the said outlet to form a wedge, the rear end of each of the last mentioned walls overlapping the rear portion of one of the first mentioned Walls and forming with such overlapped portions rearwardl'y convergent ducts each. having a narrow discharge outlet across which the air flowing on each side of such wedge is delivered, thereby to exercise an aspirating' effect upon the ducts, the first mentioned outlet, and the air shaft. 10

In testimony whereof I hereunto ziflix my signature.

EYIEPHEL F. MCDONALD. 

